Showing posts with label intrathecal baclofen. Show all posts
Showing posts with label intrathecal baclofen. Show all posts

Monday, January 7, 2013

Intrathecal Baclofen in CRPS


Anesthesia & Analgesia 2013 Jan; 116(1):211-5.



Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen on different pain qualities in complex regional pain syndrome.

van der Plas AAvan Rijn MAMarinus JPutter Hvan Hilten JJ.

Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC
Leiden, the Netherlands.  A.A.van_der_Plas@lumc.n.

BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by severe
debilitating chronic pain. Patients with CRPS may experience various pain
sensations, which likely embody different pathophysiologic mechanisms. In this
study, we evaluated the differential effects of central γ-aminobutyric acid (B)
receptor stimulation on the different pain qualities in CRPS patients with
dystonia.

METHODS: The 10 pain qualities of the neuropathic pain scale, dystonia severity,
and changes in use of antinociceptive drugs were evaluated every 3 months for a
period of 1 year in 42 CRPS patients with dystonia receiving titrated doses of
intrathecal baclofen (ITB) treatment in an open design.

RESULTS: Using a linear mixed model analysis and controlling for global dystonia
severity and the use of supplemental analgesics, we found a significant
improvement in global intense pain, sharp pain, dull pain, and deep pain during
the first 6 months. After this period, the scores leveled off despite further
improvement of dystonia and continued ITB dose escalation.

CONCLUSIONS: γ-Aminobutyric acid (B) receptor stimulation by ITB exerts
differential antinociceptive effects on specific pain qualities in CRPS patients
with dystonia.

PMID: 23223108  [PubMed - in process]


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Sunday, February 26, 2012

The Cash Cow Blues

Dear Readers:

It's Sunday, and I'm engaged in quiet rebellion.  In lieu of Priests for Equality's The Inclusive Bible: The First Egalitarian Translation, I just read Wallace Steven's Sunday Morning.  "Complacencies of the peignoir" and so on, an elegant paganism.  Today, the poem, like coffee and oranges, is compensation enough for imagined losses; The general flight of generic birds provides enough permanence to sustain the necessary fiction.

Oops.  Still there?

Typing is difficult.  Using the shift key, inserting accented vowels, fending off cat paws -- all these things, though, force me to use my left hand, now ice cold, withered, and tad bit purplish. In this precise moment, I am having no spasm, anywhere.  Were my head clear of fuzz, this instant could be categorized as phenomenal.

Since, however, my brain is encased in spidery filament, I will just do what I set out to do -- cobble together a few of the details that led to my recent downfall, in particular, the role of honesty and fear of litigation in the practice of medicine.  Let's be very particular and insist on the specificity of January 31, 2012, the day before I ended up in ICU.

It wasn't the surgery that occupied me.  It wasn't pain, even, or at least not my normal pain.  It was all about those bleeping spasms, those crushing and twisting events that put my experience of CRPS on a new level of fear.  Terror.

If you've been a Dear Reader for any length of time, you know that I'm defenseless against this permutation of CRPS.  The only measure deemed effective against this dystonia/movement disorder involves the drug baclofen.  People with CRPS and severe spasm usually cannot get sufficient amounts of baclofen without depressing respirations, etc., so the party line is that administration of baclofen via a catheter inserted into the spine is the best option.  Large doses can be given without the accumulation of deadly side effects.  Because I currently have infection assumed to be caused by implanted materials, and because my spine is riddled with microfractures due to osteonecrosis, the intrathecal approach isn't appropriate.

Which leaves me you know where and without a paddle.

I am a cash cow for DrPainManagement Dude.  I haven't seen him in 2-3 years.  Instead, I see one of his Nurse Practitioners or Physician Assistants for "pharmaceutical management."  Most of that time, I saw A, a wonderful NP who was mostly up to date on trends within CRPS treatments and research.  She pointed me in the direction of the sub-anesthetic ketamine experiment last year.  She left right after that, and was replaced by M, who left, and was replaced by another NP whom I had only seen once.  


DrPainManagement Dude told me early on in our relationship that there was no hope for me, no treatments left to try.  The more I tried, the more disgusted he seemed to be.  Finally, I learned to just show up monthly, grovel, pay my bills, and stifle any stray flares of optimism.

But on 31 January, I needed his help.  I had used and overused the brains and opinions of my very smart group of docs, and most everyone seemed to think that PainManagement Dude might hold the key to successful use of baclofen.

So I wrote him:

Dr. PainManagement Dude --

Hi -- Hope you are well!

I had my left shoulder prosthesis removed and a temporary antibiotic-laced spacer put in -- last week, by Dr. ShoulderMan at The Lone Alp Hospital (in southern Tête de Hergé).  This is a battle we've been waging, without much success, for three+ years now.  I am getting awesome care by everyone -- your office, Dr. MDVIP Go-to-Guy, and, of course, Dr. ShoulderMan.

In the course of all this, however, CRPS kept getting worse.  I think I have tried everything available in this area, and traveling just seems impossible now.  There remains a chance that I will give it one more go, if this shoulder infection problem gets solved, with Dr. Scwartzman at Drexel, but it will be years from now, based on his schedule/demand.  My hope has been that if the infection/inflammation could be "cured," then my pain levels would go down, not just in my arms, but overall. I still think that may happen.

It has taken me this long to understand how truly difficult CRPS is to treat.  I am slow on the uptake!

These are the things I need to ask you about.  Please excuse the more basic ones.  I am avoiding the phone because the spasm/pain situation makes it a waste of time for retaining any information [also, I tend to scream without warning]:

Which PA/NP is treating me?  I was so used to A, then adjusted to M, and now cannot remember whom I saw last, cannot find my paperwork. She was great, but who was she!?  [I can see now that this reads as a criticism, but I swear, Dear Readers, that I simply needed a name.]

I need some flexibility in scheduling with your office.  You all have been very accommodating, but I know a new "provider" may not be comfortable starting off that way.  Fred is having to take me to Dr. InfectiousDiseaseDude's office 2-3 times a week for blood work and dressing changes, on top of regular "stuff," plus he administers the Vancomycin by PICC line.  We're exhausted.  Anything anyone can do to reduce stress will be appreciated.  Every Monday and Thursday, we will have to be out and about until roughly 11 am, so is there someone we could see at your office between 12:45 and 2:00 pm?  If not, we'll figure it out...



The medication situation:  I have enough methadone (10 mg tablets, though, that I break in half) and endocet for about 3 weeks, enough amitriptyline for a few months, but whether I've enough baclofen is anyone's guess, as my need is rapidly changing. Dr. MDVIP Go-to-Guy has been prescribing it through my mail order pharmacy, Medco.  I have had to take more endocet and baclofen than usual in the past two weeks but am planning to taper back over the coming week. [I am annoyingly honest with my health care providers.  A few appreciate it;  Most cringe.]

SPASMS: In CRPS, I don't know what doctors call them -- spasms, cramps, dystonia, WHATEVER! I cannot tolerate them at their current intensity and frequency. You probably hear this all the time, but I did not know it could get like this. This is a whole new animal... Right now, I am at my "calmest" point in a week, and the pain with each spasm -- now in my hands (they flinch, involuntarily[?], about every 20 seconds) -- shoots up to 8-9/10, then down to my usual 5-7/10. Both legs can be involved at the same time, to the extent that my foot is pulled toward my head, my hamstring is pulled in a different direction, and now even my left hip joint is involved. The last round of that began at 8 pm and did not decrease enough to make any difference until around 9 this morning.  They spasmed throughout the day.  I had what seems to me a lot of baclofen already, buteven that, obviously, did not work.  I want to take as little as is necessary to relieve this horrid pain.   I think I will need both a short term and a long term solution, unfortunately.  Intrathecal baclofen is the usual long term approach but that probably isn't a good idea in someone already fighting an infection, plus... I just don't want it...

 

I am sure the correct response is to tell me to "come in to the office." I hope there is an alternative.

Thank you so much for "fielding" this email! I am trying to stay organized but it's hard.  Please tell me what is not clear and I will try to answer more succinctly.




I did not receive a reply from Dr. PainManagement Dude.  Instead, I got this:


Hi XXXXXXXXXX,
I was the nurse practitioner you saw at your last visit. It was good to meet you!
Please discuss with Dr MDVIP Go-to-Guy the amount of baclofen you can take safely and what else can be done to treat the spasms.
We require everyone on narcotic pain medications to come visit monthly for medication refills, so please make an appointment before you run out of medication. I have asked B from our office to call you about an appointment.
Have A Good Week,


ButterMouth, ANP
"Have a good week"!?  If only one of us had known how the week/month was about to unfold...
Proof of my capacity to "zip it," evidence of my claims of concision?  Here's my response to ButterMouth:


Hi ButterMouth,


It was good to meet you, too.


Thanks for your response.


XXXXXXXXXX

To any medicos out there:  Please allow your patients to be honest in their communications with you.  Please don't see legal issues under every rock, something sinister behind every inquiry.  Easy for me to say, I know, but then, whose blog is it, anyway?

When a person begs for help, please help.

February 1, 2012 proved to be a "Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day," in small part due to PainManagement Dude's studied non-responsiveness.  Shoot, he probably could not have changed the outcome... but I might have felt less abandoned, safer, might have had a little hope.

What worries him so about having a medical opinion, a suggestion, a possible way to proceed? Did he fear that his response might be posted on my blog?



Ridiculous!




Sunday, February 20, 2011

Rotator Cuffs and Intrathecal Baclofen

After posting such a spaz attack as today's earlier contribution, I thought I'd offer up something cut, dry, and relatively boring.  Er... a few infinitely fascinating new studies referencing CRPS/RSD.

The first involves rotator cuff tears and CRPS, and that just makes me chortle. Er... chuckle. Smile. A little.

After my left shoulder "collapsed" from AVN secondary to lupus in 2002, I had it replaced. That hospitalization -- giggle::giggle -- did not go well and the prosthesis never did quite meet my Stringent Standards for Shoulder Membership. Fast forward to 2008 and the Search for the Guilty Pathogen Infecting My Shoulder Hardware... Over the next two years, that left prosthesis was removed, a spacer put in. That spacer was removed... but there was still infection, so a second spacer was put in that had a specially made antibiotic-laced cement ball. All surgeries were followed by at least 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic via PICC line. Unfortunately, the handcrafted spacer proved highly irritating to the joint, was removed, and I was gifted with a new prosthesis... because no one knew what else to do. I was to live with the pain until I couldn't, then we'd see what limited options remained. I reached that point last Fall, underwent my fifth unsuccessful aspiration under fluoroscopy, and then cried "uncle" in October and went in to see the orthopedic wizard. He snapped some x-rays. His verdict? My rotator cuff was gone!

Have you ever had a day like that? You lose your rotator cuff, can't remember where you last put it?

Anyway... the pain picture is complicated because those muscles and tendons got the hell out of Dodge. Dr. ShoulderMan has since opined that a reverse replacement will be my fate... but has asked me to resume living with it until I can't. It's crazy-making.

I have my suspicions, based on some recent sneaky behavior by the right prosthesis (that underwent more surgeries than it's lefterly brother, even), that the rotator cuff on that side has fled to Mexico.

Now, we do not EVER badmouth, or allow anyone else to badmouth, Dr. ShoulderMan, Wizard Surgeon and Kindly Person. Why? Well, complicate my shoulder picture, if you will, with the addition of CRPS/RSD. See? See?!? The fact that my arms are still usable and not completely at the mercy of this neurological disorder is a testament to his abilities.

The disease has spread from one arm to another, just as it has from leg to leg. As it spread, he was busy performing major shoulder operations on both sides approximately every 9 to 12 weeks. Can you imagine what terrible shape I would be in if I hadn't lucked out by finding the best ShoulderMan in all of Tête de Herge?

So I kinda shiver and laugh when I see this in today's MedWord offering:

Shoulder surface temperature and bone scintigraphy findings in patients with rotator cuff tears.Koike Y, Sano H, Kinjyo T, Imamura I, Masahiro O, Goto M, Ooyama M, Kita A, Itoi E.
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011 Feb 16
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Sendai Hospital, 2-43-3, Yagiyama Honcyo, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 982-8501.


ABSTRACT
Abstract Background. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is one of the serious complications after surgical treatment of a rotator cuff tear. Both a measurement of body surface temperature and bone scintigraphy have been used as diagnostic tools for the early phase of CRPS.Unfortunately, few studies have been carried out that applied these methods to the patients after rotator cuff repair.
Purposes. To clarify both shoulder surface temperature and bone scintigraphy findings in patients with rotator cuff tears. Subjects and methods. Subjects comprised patients with unilateral rotator cuff tears (five men and five women, mean age 61 years). For measurements of shoulder surface temperature, a Thermochron was attached to both shoulders. As for bone scintigraphy, intravenous injection of technetium-labelled hydroxymethylenebisphosphonic acid (99mTc-HMDP)was performed, and then images were taken with a gamma camera.
Results. During the measurements, the changes in body surface temperature for the affected and healthy shoulders remained within the standard deviation of the reference group. The intensity of radioisotope (RI) uptake for the affected shoulder joint was significantly increased compared to that for the healthy shoulder joint (P < 0.05).
Conclusion. RI uptake is increased in shoulders with rotator cuff tears, whereas shoulder surface temperature shows no differences on the affected and unaffected sides.

When you've sufficiently recovered from that bit of hilarity, check out the second item caught by my little CRPS bot, as published in the 18 February issue of Pain Medicine.  Watch out, though, because it's exciting.  You might be up all night.  I'm just sayin':


The Lack of Efficacy of Different Infusion Rates of Intrathecal Baclofen in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study
Anton Adriaan van der Plas MD,  Johan Marinus PhDSam Eldabe MD,  Eric Buchser MDJacobus Johannes van Hilten MD, PhD


ABSTRACT
Objective.  Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is effective in the treatment of dystonia related to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In a previous study, we noted that the responsiveness to ITB declined in 30% of patients once drug delivery was switched from an external to an implanted device associated with a reduction of the infusion rate (IR).


Design.  In a double-blind study, we investigated the effect of varying the IR at a fixed daily dose on the efficacy and safety of ITB in patients with CRPS-related dystonia. Patients were randomized to either slower infusion rate delivery (SIRD) or four-times faster infusion rate delivery (FIRD) for 2 weeks and were crossed over after a 1-week washout period.


Patients.  Patients were eligible if they experienced no beneficial response to ITB on dystonia despite a minimum dose of 600 µg/day, or because side effects limited dose escalation.


Outcome Measures.  Primary outcome measures were changes in global dystonia and pain severity.


Results.  There were no significant differences between the FIRD and the SIRD groups for the median change of numeric rating scale dystonia (–0.3 [interquartile range {IQR} −1.1–0.5]), pain (0.1 [IQR –0.8–1.3]), and secondary outcomes, except for the frequency of adverse events, which was significantly higher during FIRD (12 vs 2). FIRD was preferred only by patients who were included because side effects to ITB prevented dose escalation.


Conclusions.  Increasing the IR at a fixed daily dose is not associated with improvement of dystonia or pain but warrants further investigation in patients in whom side effects prevent further dose escalation.
  I tried to share the preceding fascination with Bianca and Fred, but I developed a terrible lisp talking about the FIRD and SIRD groups... 

Back when I was shooting for implantation of a SCS, I also had interest in pursuing intrathecal baclofen.  Some prognosticator mentioned something, blahblahblah, about the potential for infection, and ruled me ineligible for both.  And the band played on...

I'm outta here.