Showing posts with label Amputation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Amputation. Show all posts

Sunday, June 15, 2014

Amputation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

photo, amputated limbs, "field day," civil war...



Informed Decision-Making Regarding Amputation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I

Marlies I. Bodde, MD; Pieter U. Dijkstra, PhD; Ernst Schrier, MSc; Jan J. van den Dungen, PhD; Wilfred F. den Dunnen, PhD; Jan H. Geertzen, PhD
J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2014 Jun 04;96(11):930-934.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.M.00788

ABSTRACT

Background: Literature on complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) discussing the decision to amputate or not, the level of amputation, or the timing of the amputation is scarce. We evaluated informed decision-making regarding amputation for CRPS-I.

Methods: We describe our findings in a retrospective study of the decision-making process of thirty-six patients who underwent amputation for CRPS-I at our university medical center from 2000 to 2012. Additionally, we present the incidents preceding the CRPS-I, the reasons for and the levels of the amputation, and the outcomes after the amputations.

Results: Team members and the patient decided together whether or not to amputate and the level of amputation. Issues such as level of pain or allodynia, infection, desired length of the residual limb, joint range of motion, strength of all extremities, ability to use walking aids, and psychological “green, yellow, and red flags” were weighed in this process. There were no complications during the amputation surgery, a 22% rate of complications (infection in all but one patient) immediately postoperatively (reamputation not required), a 72% rate of phantom pain immediately after or within the first three months after the amputation, and a 77% rate of phantom pain more than one year after the amputation.

Conclusions: Informed decision-making regarding amputation for CRPS-I remains a complex process for which little evidence is available to support patient choices; patient-specific outcomes are not predictable. However, amputation should not be ignored as a treatment option for long-standing therapy-resistant CRPS-I.

FOOTNOTES

Investigation performed at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, and the Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands


Wednesday, March 13, 2013

Bitch-Slapping is a Blitzkrieg




Sometimes you just wanna reach through the screen and issue a sharb bitch-slap.

As often as I "joke" and invite my Dearest of Readers to the latest Do-It-Yourself Amputation Tea Party, I get royally pissed at the attention the press visits upon people with CRPS who actually do proceed with amputations, guided by some pissant of a failed surgeon who needs money for Junior to get into Harvard.

The monetary costs and rewards will never end, not with the chopping of digits, forearms, feet, or legs, whether above or below the knee.  Now, try taking the head off, and you might have an idea that works.  But until then, CRPSers who amputate are funding vacations and providing for their own certain future misery.

I do not know this woman.  I admire her athletic accomplishments.  I applaud her for finding sport as, apparently, a means to pain greater than CRPS and phantom limb's joys, together, thus allowing her "diversion" from the original CRPS pain.  As logic, it blows!  And so, of course, it's tragic and therefore news.

And tragic, high-profile news never, ever gets CRPS right.  Hell, most of the scientific disciplines are ten years behind the research-proven realities, so why should any blogger or popular press inker get it "right."  I love the introductory reference to this scary disease:  "a rare and aggressive condition which causes her body to reject its own injured limbs." Oh, bloody hell, let me at 'em!

Were there some transcendance over pain by the endorphins of Rachel Morris' handcycling, had her original pain not been compounded by some idiot's notion of a cure, I'd be proud to tell her story.  As it is, I am glad that, despite my jokes, I've put the word out often enough that amputation  most often aggravates the existing neuropathic pain while adding the out-of-this-world, mind-bending situation of Phantom Limb pain.

Anyway -- that most favored segue! -- here is the tale of Rachel Morris, paraolympian:



Rachel Morris doesn't cycle for fun. She does it to make the pain bearable.
The 32-year-old has already lost both of her legs to a rare and aggressive condition which causes her body to reject its own injured limbs.
Now, after a training accident last month in which she dislocated her shoulder, she is worried she may lose her arm, too.
In her position, you would be forgiven for wanting to shut the door behind you and never come out again.
But Morris, who operates her bike with her hands, needs cycling. It is her life, consuming and sustaining her.
"Handcycling is more than a sport to me," said the Paralympic time trial gold medallist as she prepared for the sport's World Championships in Roskilde, Denmark.
"It's a way of managing the pain. Without it, my life becomes unmanageable. And it's what I do - it's what I get up to do in the morning, it's what I go to bed at night thinking about. It is me."
Her mother, Hilary, added: "She's driven by it. People say how wonderful it is when they see her out training at five in the morning. 'Yes,' I say, 'it is wonderful - but it's for pain control.' And then they think, 'Ooh. Gosh.'
"But she has to do what she has to do. Part of her pain management is to push her body hard, distract herself and release endorphins into her brain which help control the pain.
"She's driven by the pain to a great extent so you can't hold her back, because you can't let her have any more pain. She suffers every day, all day, anyway."
Morris's troubles began in the most terrifyingly innocuous of circumstances as a teenager.
"All I did in the beginning was twist my ankle on a dry ski slope," she says, apologetically. "It's quite embarrassing, it wasn't even on a snow-covered mountain.
"From that I had an awful lot of problems which weren't picked up at the beginning - my condition is a strange thing, especially the way mine ended up going - and unfortunately it's ended up with me having multiple amputations."
The condition goes by several names, two of the most common being Reflex Sympathetic Distrophy (RSD) and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Since it began destroying Morris's legs she has had to move from sport to sport, each time accommodating a new level of disability. Her childhood love of athletics became a passion for sailing but, once she lost her second leg, road cycling was identified as the way forward.
She lives life, and competes, in near-constant pain.
"There are two sorts of pain," she explained. "One is from phantom limbs, and one is a pain inside you that has the same intensity as catching your arm on the oven or an iron.
"The first one gives you strange feedback where your limbs were, as though your foot is facing the wrong way or twisted around, and I feel that a lot with my left foot. Obviously, I've got no legs but it's incredible what your brain will do: in the night I'll wake up with cramp in my foot and reach down. It's so real, you reach down thinking that your leg is there.
"The other pain is far more a burning pain which combines with what I call 'white pain'. That's when the pain is so powerful that there's nothing you can do about it, it'll make you drop anything and stop."
In the month leading up to the Worlds, things became even worse. Morris slid off a wet road on a training ride in Bath and dislocated her shoulder.
As she told us how the crash happened, it only slowly dawned on me that while dislocated shoulders are unpleasant for anyone, for Morris they must be particularly significant. I had to ask: if Rachel's body has in the past rejected injured limbs, and she has just injured a limb, is she not worried?
"Causing this injury to my body could, potentially, trigger the same reaction that's happened in my legs, and cause the RSD to become active in my arm. Obviously I have no legs, so the worst-case scenario is that it could do the same thing to my arm," she replied.
"I've become almost paranoid about the colour of it or watching the temperature, which are two of the things that change early on. So I have become very, very worried."
A week later, Morris crossed the finish line fourth in her first race at the World Championships, her body shaking and writhing with the exertion for a good 10 minutes afterwards.
Though disappointed not to win a medal, back in the British team's pit area she seemed happy to have made it through the race.
"The best bit is my shoulder made it round the course. I came out and completed something I didn't think I could have done two weeks ago. I didn't do it as I would have wanted to, but I couldn't have done any more as I am at the moment."
A bronze medal in her second and final event, the road race, is something although - for last year's world champion - settling for one third-place finish was clearly immensely frustrating.
For more reasons than most, Morris is compelled to give everything she has to her sport. Next year, she would hate to settle for a bronze medal. But first she must get herself to the Paralympic start line safely, and that means almost 12 months of waking up and tentatively inspecting the suspect shoulder.
"I've got to think of next year," she says. "That is the ultimate goal for everyone and the pinnacle of my career, so I do have to be careful and protect myself for that.
"If that was taken away from me, I think that possibly is the point at which I would give up. Which is quite a terrifying thought, because the Games have so much power and so much emotion that does drive me on. Next year is massive in lots of ways."

I'm prepared for hate mail, though I don't really get used to it, and get more of it elsewhere than here.  More likely, Morris will never know her draconian story has reached the publishing heights of elle est belle la seine la seine elle est belle.  It's such a hidden jewel, this blog.

Maybe that's best, that this post be buried in obscurity, because the best competition I could offer  might be wheelchair MMA, and she doesn't stand a chance.  Bitch-slapping, in my world, is a blitzkrieg, and there is no fighting back...

So, a refresher:

Deal with neurologists, not surgeons (those who know my story are now on the floor, spewing good food and drink that might feed the hungry in North Korea).

Understand how CRPS works, and keep up with the new understandings that will be out next month.  Note that none of them advise chopping up or off your peripheral limbs when the problem is actually in your central nervous system.

Now should you so neglect the hygiene and necessary stimulation of your affected limb that it becomes gangrenous, soupy and stinky?  Okay, fine, cut it off.  But that's your fault.  Be sure and keep the resultant nub all scrubbed and shiny, free of pathogens, and then you, too, can delve into the world of finding new distractions for intractable pain.

If you prefer the calm, dulcet tones of a doctor person, and here, I am switching to my singsongy NPR voice, listen to Doctor T. Howard Black, who softly and kindly explains, herself a bit out of date:


The only reason I have ever seen in the medical literature for CRPS-related amputation was due to gangrene and the resulting necrosis of the tissues.

CRPS does much of its damage by causing vasoconstriction, especially peripheral (in the extremities). When the veins are squeezed so that their diameter is much smaller than normal, the blood returning to the heart can't do so rapidly enough, and when any tissue is deprived of a stable, reliable source of O2, it dies.

The lack of fresh blood circulating to the extremity also causes the drop in temperature, and you're right - it doesn't just feel cold, it really is cold. That's why, during epidural spinal blocks, the temp. of both feet, hands, whatever are monitored, and when the block exerts its effects, the temp. of the CRPS part gets quite warm.

In fact, it often overshoots its normal temp., which feels *wonderful*. During one of my blocks, the temp. of my right foot went from 94 to 102 within 2 minutes!

I've never seen any other medical reason for someone to have a CRPS appendage amputated; the consensus of the medical community is that, despite the rare loss of pain accompanying an amputation, the far more common outcome is the CRPS pain continues and is often complicated by the addition of phantom limb pain. One of the most horrible things I can imagine is having full-blown RSD and adding phantom limb pain to it in the same location.


Wednesday, November 21, 2012

i need Marmy

so i think i may lose my right leg.  good morning!

it's not imminent, nor eminent.  as a leg, it achieved some fame in my teens and twenties, primarily on the tennis court.  and while i have several meltdowns a day and repeatedly schedule its amputation out in the Paisley Sheep pen (lots of clean straw and that fresh, cold air to make that outdoorsy party atmosphere -- we can pile pumpkins around and serve hot chocolate), i'm trying to get over some bronchitis.  you gotta prioritize.

i keep rediscovering that people are pretty nice, that most everyone is doing their damnedest.  some could use a little *focus* but everyone is trying.

ms. marmy fluffy butt (a cat) is, however, breaking my heart.  it's been months now that she'll have nothing to do with me.  i can take such treatment from human family, but my marmy dear?  i miss her.

[i'm sure you want to refresh yourself on my few and far between cat posts (yawn!) but this one does a good job of summarizing the topic, though it lacks details on our beloved Monaghan and Ms. Pruddy Prudence. I stole the video of Marmy from it, in fact, as she is notoriously hard to capture on film: Wednesday Morning Blahs. ]

it started out understandably enough:  i was dubbed the human who was to "goop" her eyes because she had a nasty ocular infection.  i would hate me, too, but i would get over it, i think.

then it got complicated.  somehow, territorial rivalry set in, with Dobby the Runt and Buddy the Freakishly Large Kitten, boys both, claiming me in the name of... well, Creature Comforts.  i am the source of greenies and belly rubs, grooming with kisses on the nose, and gourmet-grade bonito flakes.

Marmy Fluffy Butt has not reverted to the feral gal we first knew her to be, but she is more and more hiding
-- i look behind furniture for her, often missing her petite self staring sullenly my way just a few feet off.

the boys won't let her on the bed.  the boys won't let her eat until they're done.  sometimes -- lately -- she and i lock eyes, then do a simultaneous eye roll.

i've taken to rolling the wheelchair just to the edge of the Permissible Zone and just talking to her.  world events, politics, the local hullabaloo over proposed speed humps.  i am pretty sure she and i are on the same side on the speed hump thing.  we have a prototype set up -- thank you, Tante Louise! -- and already, three Cistercian monks have taken ungainly headers over the handlebars of their pre-WWII bikes.

sometimes Marmy gifts me with a squint of affection that will carry me through the day on a cloud of alrightness.  i make sure she has a clean warm blanket on the best chair in our living quarters here in the manor -- i change it twice a week under her watchful eyes, her infection-free eyes.

Dobby is her son.  Buddy spent his entire babyhood hiding from her.  we must return to filial fealty, we must return to respect for her speedy, speedy claws.

and we must return to Marmy glommed to my side, beautiful, warm, well-groomed, and opinionated.

i need Marmy.  happy thanksgiving, my dear.




   Ms. Marmy Fluffy Butt



Sunday, October 30, 2011

Erroneoneousness, Amputation, and the Hole In My Arm

It's my usual promise of creativity in the pipeline, Dear Readers.  And in the excitement of the mean time, I bring you fresh research to consider about my main demon, CRPS / RSD.  That's what most of you come here for, if search terms are any indication of intent.  The rest of you?  You fall into the wonderful realm of the Unknown, and we loves the Unknown, we does.

I will share a bit of my excitement with you while I remain able to move my arms.

Having deduced, inferred, and otherwise concluded that certain chores will never be done unless I do them myself, grumblegrumblegrumble, no matter how freaking difficult that may be from an effing wheelchair while in a world of twitchin' pain and with one non-functional shoulder.  Oh, yeah, and while essentially blind! {peeking::through::my::fingertips::to::see::if::you::are::still::there}

Right.  Whatever.  Meh.

Having figured that tough one out, I spent five hours delousing the Private Palatial Porch -- the only luxe-level miniature submarine port in our hemisphere -- scrubbing it, hosing it down, and just generally pulling it back from the brink of bacterial disaster.  No offense to the Upper Crust with whom Fred and I share this emblem of Hoit-and-Toity, but maintenance, regular maintenance, is the magic word.  I wore out three brooms but rediscovered a still viable sense of generosity, squelched the embers of considerable resentment, and have a quiet, beautiful spot for tomorrow morning's coffee.

I was almost too tired to clean up after myself but the Marlinspike Hall Domestic Staff (genetically indentured and engineered for generations of livelihood!) recently published several lists of grievances in full page four-color ads in the Business Section of the Tête de Hergé Tribune --  and I am pretty sure those are lists I'd like to stay off of.  So I tidied up, put dirty rags in the washer, cleaned the cleaning tools, and headed off to the showers.

Damn, my shoulder hurts, I said to myself for the millionty-umpteenth time, as I pulled off the protective layers of sweatshirts and tees.  

For about two weeks I've been watching a small red spot on the underside of my upper left arm.  It kinda resembled a bruise but wasn't a bruise.  There was a bit of a lump in the tissue beneath it but nothing too odd or alarming.  It never changed colors, never changed at all, just sat there, all red, until the last few days when some of the skin began to peel off.  Also in a minor, shy, inconsequential kind of way.

So I was surprised to see a neat, perfect hole in the middle of the red mark, and drainage on my favorite (and only) Patagonia organic cotton orange tee shirt.  [Patagonia stuff drives me nuts.  I wants it.  I wants it bad.  But the prices?  An insult!]

Anyway, yeah -- a tunnel, a sinus, a fistula, an everlovin' hole in my arm!  Are you thinking what I am thinking?  Well, are you?  Okay, if this is the first (last?) post you've ever read here, maybe not.  But if you are a veteran of the Shoulder Wars, if you support your local orthopedic surgeon with unbridled fervor, as I do, then yes, you are probably thinking:  Culture that Mother Fucker!  That has gotta connect with the infection in the bone, don'tcha know!  This could be the answer to the whole mystery -- this could be the annoying pathogen that refuses to grow in the labs or to die from the antibiotics!

So my fingers are fairly on fire with the urge to call a doctor and share that I've produced a draining hole in my arm, in the same arm from which we are preparing to yank the shoulder prosthesis because of unrelenting infection... but, of course, I don't scratch that itch.  

I slapped a band aid on the tiny hole and its tunnel, and will patiently await the arrival of Monday morning office hours, when I will politely telephone my MDVIP Go-To-Guy so as to get a culture of that Mother Fucker!

I knew you'd want to share in my excitement.

Ahem.  

Here are the two articles of CRPS interest that landed in my mailbox today:




J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Oct 5;93(19):1799-805.

Therapy-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I: to amputate or not?

Source

Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (M.I.B., P.U.D., and J.H.B.G.), and Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (W.F.A.d.D, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail address for M.I. Bodde: m.i.bodde@rev.umcg.nl. E-mail address for P.U. Dijkstra: p.u.dijkstra@rev.umcg.nl. E-mail address for W.F.A. den Dunnen: w.f.a.den.dunnen@path.umcg.nl. E-mail address for J.H.B. Geertzen: j.h.b.geertzen@rev.umcg.nl.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Amputation for the treatment of long-standing, therapy-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is controversial. An evidence-based decision regarding whether or not to amputate is not possible on the basis of current guidelines. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the literature and summarize the beneficial and adverse effects of an amputation for the treatment of long-standing, therapy-resistant CRPS-I.

METHODS:

A literature search, using MeSH terms and free text words, was performed with use of PubMed and EMBASE. Original studies published prior to January 2010 describing CRPS-I as a reason for amputation were included. The reference lists of the identified studies were also searched for additional relevant studies. Studies were assessed with regard to the criteria used to diagnose CRPS-I, level of amputation, amputation technique, rationale for the level of amputation, reason for amputation, recurrence of CRPS-I after the amputation, phantom pain, prosthesis fitting and use, and patient functional ability, satisfaction, and quality of life.

RESULTS:

One hundred and sixty articles were identified, and twenty-six studies with Level-IV evidence (involving 111 amputations in 107 patients) were included. Four studies applied CRPS-I diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain, Bruehl et al., or Veldman et al. Thirteen studies described symptoms without noting whether the patient met diagnostic criteria for CRPS-I, and nine studies stated the diagnosis only. The primary reasons cited for amputation were pain (80%) and a dysfunctional limb (72%). Recurrence of CRPS-I in the stump occurred in thirty-one of sixty-five patients, and phantom pain occurred in fifteen patients. Thirty-six of forty-nine patients were fitted with a prosthesis, and fourteen of these patients used the prosthesis. Thirteen of forty-three patients had paid employment after the amputation. Patient satisfaction was reported in eight studies, but the nature of the satisfaction was often not clearly indicated. Changes in patient quality of life were reported in three studies (fifteen patients); quality of life improved in five patients and the joy of life improved in another six patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

The previously published studies regarding CRPS-I as a reason for amputation all represent Level-IV evidence, and they do not clearly delineate the beneficial and adverse affects of an amputation performed for this diagnosis. Whether to amputate or not in order to treat long-standing, therapy-resistant CRPS-I remains an unanswered question.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

A pertinent read might be this Wikipedia entry on Evidence-Based Medicine.


infer what you like from
 my haphazard choice
of illustration... hmm, a stethoscope and money,
 medical research and money, hmm,
orphaned diseases and money,
invested ignorance, hmm...

The second item is an article of my least favorite type: the overview (and this one with a big freaking error in the first sentence of its abstract, too!).  Don't shoot the messenger and don't believe everything you read in Rheumatology.  Unfortunately, it's also been published through Medscape, so a lot of medicos will be influenced by its erroneoneousness.

That's right.  I said it.  I dared.  Erroneoneousness.


From Rheumatology

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Adults

Andreas Goebel
Posted: 10/20/2011; Rheumatology. 2011;50(10):1739-1750. © 2011 Oxford University Press

Abstract and Introduction

Abstract

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a highly painful, limb-confined condition, which arises usually after trauma. It is associated with a particularly poor quality of life, and large health-care and societal costs. The causes of CRPS remain unknown. The condition's distinct combination of abnormalities includes limb-confined inflammation and tissue hypoxia, sympathetic dysregulation, small fibre damage, serum autoantibodies, central sensitization and cortical reorganization. These features place CRPS at a crossroads of interests of several disciplines including rheumatology, pain medicine and neurology. Significant scientific and clinical advances over the past 10 years hold promise both for an improved understanding of the causes of CRPS, and for more effective treatments. This review summarizes current concepts of our understanding of CRPS in adults. Based on the results from systematic reviews, treatment approaches are discussed within the context of these concepts. The treatment of CRPS is multidisciplinary and aims to educate about the condition, sustain or restore limb function, reduce pain and provide psychological intervention. Results from recent randomized controlled trials suggest that it is possible that some patients whose condition was considered refractory in the past can now be effectively treated, but confirmatory trials are required. The review concludes with a discussion of the need for additional research.
Read the entire article in all of its shameless erroneoneousness  HERE.  


And I think I have shown remarkable restraint not to completely deep six this purportedly science-based piece of work for including references to, and citations of, that unmitigated turd, Jose Ochoa.  


Hmm?  What?  Oh, puh-leeze. The truth shall set me free and all that jazz.

Thursday, July 28, 2011

ROS: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in CRPS

Here's a clue as to how scientistic I am, versus, say, those gifted and serious scientific types whose research into the mysteries of CRPS I am always appropriating for this blog:

Every time I encounter work that stems from findings based on the goopy gleanings from amputated limbs... I spend a good hour freaking out. 

The Amputated-CRPS-Limb One-Hour Freak Out has three stages:

1.  Maintaining steady pressure on the joystick such that my wheelchair goes round and round and round.  Duration is dependent on degree of battery charge.
2.  Going from one navigable end of Marlinspike Hall to another at my top speed of 4.25 mph, leaving an audible bloody trail of alphabet and punctuation marks in bolded cursive typeface, often in the form of "Ewwwww!!!!" -- although "Bleckkkkk!!!!" is also common.
3.  Nearly silent weeping, face buried in Aunt Jewel's beautiful Plauen lace wedding hankie.
If the reference to amputation occurs in the course of a doctor's visit and references my own limbs, I don't have the luxury of The Manor's airy venues, of course, so I go shopping -- for heat, for hot things, for unnaturally red Serranos.

This time, we are considering separated limbs in order to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue, something that apparently cannot be done from ordinary surgical detritus or using biopsies from living, oxygenated flesh. 

Ewwwww!!!! Bleckkkkk!!!!


Skeletal muscle stained for both cytochrome oxidase (COX) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), two mitochondrial respiratory
chain enzymes. Fibers that stain only for SDH and are COX-negative appear blue. Original magnification X 50.

Volume 15, Issue 7
Pages 708-715, August 2011.



Edward C.T. Tan, Antoon J.M. Janssen, Peggy Roestenberg, Lambert P. van den Heuvel, R. Jan A. Goris, Richard J.T. Rodenburg

ABSTRACT:  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) * are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I). Since the mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of ROS, we hypothesized that mitochondria play a role in the pathophysiology of CRPS I. The hypothesis was tested by studying mitochondrial energy metabolism in muscle tissue from amputated limbs of CRPS I patients. We observed that mitochondria obtained from CRPS I muscle tissue displayed reduced mitochondrial ATP production and substrate oxidation rates in comparison to control muscle tissue. Moreover, we observed reactive oxygen species evoked damage to mitochondrial proteins and reduced MnSOD levels. It remains to be established if the mitochondrial dysfunction that is apparent at the end-stage of CRPS I is also present in earlier stages of the disease, or are secondary to CRPS I. The observation of a reduced mitochondrial energy production combined with reactive oxygen species induced damage in muscle tissue from CRPS I patients warrants further studies into the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunctioning in the pathophysiology of CRPS.

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WARNING:  As I was trying to read about some of the terms and concepts involved in discussions of ROS, ischemia, and the role of impaired oxygenation in the CRPS disease process, I encountered some strange, highly-glossed "articles" on several "pain clinic" sites, apparently part of the bait to reel in patients for treatments using Direct Intravenous Ozone Therapy (DIV).  Please be careful and exercise good judgment!  Think "embolism," for example...

Monday, June 7, 2010

Unnaturally Red Serranos


Well, I am either insane or so mentally healthy I ought to bottle myself.

How would you react to hearing your doctor suggest the removal of both of your shoulders, as well as your left arm? Further, how do you think you'd feel when, hardly skipping a beat, this talented physician proposed amputating a leg, "sooner rather than later"?

Granted, he's pulled the "off with her leg" stunt before.

My reaction was a wide, scary grin and the sing-song pronouncement that "I'm not ready for that, okay? Let's talk about that next time, okay? Okay?" -- after which I did the only logical thing and went shopping.

Nothing crazy -- more's the pity -- just groceries. But our cart contained some telling elements by the time we hit the checkout line:

Habaneros and Scotch bonnet peppers;
Pickled jalapeños, fresh jalapeños, and the lovely smoke-dried chipotles;
Big, beautiful, fragrant, deep black-green poblanos;
Unnaturally red serranos.