Showing posts with label causalgia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label causalgia. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

Go-To-Guy Meets Obamacare

CLPS:
Crumpsall Lane Primary School



CRPS:
NOT a primary school in Manchester, Great Britain

Some people think I'm mad for retaining the services of a "concierge" physician when I've successfully run the marathon of applying for coverage through the HealthCare.gov Marketplace, set up by that wonderful bit of legislation known as the Affordable Care Act.

Okay, "Obamacare." Jeez.  A girl tries to deflate the negative connotations of a term by providing and modeling alternative linguistic monikers and is shouted down by her imaginary millions of Dear Readers.

Yes, I've adequate and affordable coverage now, and desperately needed it.  But nothing has changed, really.  Even when I had wonderful but not so affordable coverage under the ACA's early version of Obamacare -- the PCIP (Pre-Existing Conditions Insurance Program) -- that began back in 2010 and saved my miserable self, I was considered mad for retaining the services of my Go-To-Guy and his flat fee service, then under the aegis of MDVIP.  He's no longer with them, he and his partner.  They're Wild Medicos.  They've gone rogue.  They're MDVIP without the corporation around their neck.

Go-To-Guy saw me through several valleys of death, always opining, in his crisp dark suits, understated cologne, funky eyewear, and with all of the surety of a hardheaded grandmother: "This, too, shall pass." When I had no insurance, he kept me on, and kept me OUT of the hospital. Why was I uninsured, being a bona fide State Employee 'n all?  Because my Bizarro World version of BCBS decided it was fair to charge me $1513 a month as a premium, with a deductible over $5,000.  So while it wasn't a game, it might have been a sporting challenge for myself and Go-To-Guy, as he kept dozens of balls in the air, and never let one fall to the ground, not even once. I became dirt poor, got sicker, but did not die, mostly out of a desire to see my staid and superb doctor kick major butt. Undoubtedly a conservative sort, he hooted and hollered and did backflips when Obamacare was passed, because then I could finally get the surgeries I needed, and the medications that he preferred, instead of the ones that Walmart sold for $4.

It was fun introducing him to the real world.  "Really?  You've got to be kidding!" became the standard iterative upon which all of our problem-solving conversations were built.  I doubt he's ever been in a Walmart.

The real Go-To-Guy is a compassionate, insightful, incredibly well-informed physician who decided that he wanted to return to the art of medicine as well as perfecting his scientific approaches to care. He was tired of dealing with insurance companies and rushing through patient visits -- though, having been with him a good decade before he changed his practice model, I can attest to never once having felt that he was timing the visit or needed to be anywhere but where he was. That's not to say he hasn't had his moments of rapidly rising color from chin to brow, complete with beads of sweat, and a cramping hand grip -- moments when I'd touched some nerve or other.

Go-To-Guy believes in the best of people.  He's shocked by any anecdote that relays an example of less than outstanding human behavior.  He's cute that way and I figure that attribute to be an excellent counterweight to my inbred pessimism.

And yes, there's that business of him saving my life a few times, and there's that aspect of acute intuition bolstered by being up-to-date and actually listening to this whiny, bitchy patient with the weird cluster of diseases.  Truth be told, however, the next time he is going over labs or a radiology report, muttering to himself, and I hear... "That doesn't make any sense... but this is Retired Educator, so who knows?" -- I'm going to bop him on his pate.  Well, as my reach is shortening and my strength waning, I probably could only whack one of his bony knees.

But... with the improvements being made in the field of assistive devices, add a flowery cane or a rubber-tipped grabber, and I could infict serious damage almost anywhere on his lanky body.

Right.
So.

I see Go-To-Guy this week for the first time since January.  We maintain an email correspondence, mostly consisting of Q-and-A sessions and my need to vent.  This meeting will be our first when, technically, I have another physician serving as "primary care provider."  And so, I imagine we will still do a soft shoe rendition of quizzing and catch-up, medication reviews, but now he won't be able to order labs or imaging, or write for meds.

What shall I call my new Primary Care Provider, a young, inexperienced, very pregnant, well-intentioned and woefully-unprepared physician in her second year of practice?  Go-To-Guy and I had gleefully thought to outsmart my new ACA Market Place HMO by slipping the list of available providers to his partner's wife, who works as a hospitalist for the same HMO.  We giggled and called her our "mole." The mole eliminated my new Primary Care Provider straightaway, first thing, with nary a hint of hesitation.  Next to my new Primary Care Provider's name, she wrote, in caps, "NO." Then Our Mole underlined her capped "NO."

NO.  Okay. I bolded it and turned it red.

Mole-guided, I picked the guy with sterling credentials, 15 years experience, row upon row of accolades, and the highest approval of the hospitalists with whom he worked.  I made the appointment and the acid levels in my stomach decreased.

And so, of course, at my first "Meet and Greet" appointment with this fine doctor we chose, talented physician dude announced that, unfortunately, his patient load was already too large, and so, like a snake, he transferred me to the medico who had been branded with the capitalized, underlined negatory.  I must have looked like a large-mouthed bass hungry for oxygen as my lips flapped in the overheated exam room.  He did slip in, the sly devil, that she was scheduled to go on maternity leave in May, and that he would probably pick up my care during that time.

Why insist on choosing that facility?  Why there?  I dunno, really. It's brand new and everyone is super nice, super efficient, super interested in customer service evaluations.  There are onsite lab, radiology and pharmacy services.  The truth? I had visions of needing to flee, and hoofing it over to the safety of Go-To-Guy's office, one street over, and the adjacent two hospitals, in case I needed urgent care. Perhaps, too, a compulsion to talk politics might come over me and there's no one better than Go-To-Guy's gatekeeper nurse, Justine, for potty-mouthed dissing of right wing extremist asshats.

Having now had my second "Meet and Greet," I think I will call my new PCP "The 17-Minute Uh-Huh."  This commemorates our first encounter, spent ordering most of my medications, during which "uh-huh, uh-huh" was the response to each medication I pronounced aloud.  Well, actually, the "uh-huh, uh-huh" began to arrive mid-drug name after the first three prescriptions.  I was getting peeved, but then a strobing pink light induced seizure activity as she interrupted a response with: "Our 17 minutes are up!"

The 17-Minute Uh-Huh has many redeeming qualities.  She's cautious.  She can explain the parts of the ear in great detail (I am having that benign kind of vertigo that comes on whenever I turn my head to the right!  "So don't turn your head to the right!").  This was at our second meeting, brought on by a high temp, a high white count, the aforementioned benign vertigo, and a messed up thyroid assessment that kept stomping its little computerized feet and claiming I had both Hashimoto's hypothyroid AND Grave's disease.  Since everything else defied logic (she's new), The 17-Minute Uh-Huh glommed onto ear physiology.

But I will have a hard time getting over her blank look upon hearing "CRPS," and the aha-moment when I offered up the acronym "RSD," instead.  The trigger of a vague memory brought on the explicitly memorable: "Oh, yes!  Something Sympathetic Something!"

Go-To-Guy has this annoying habit of pulling out some electronic device and looking up things he does not know, or to verify information.  He's particular. And he loves learning. He has other habits I've noted through the years, like the first time he saw me after I "developed" CRPS.  Actually kneeling on the floor, he was carefully examining my right foot -- at the time, the only visibly afflicted part of my body, and that was only a subtle blue hue and swelling, despite the outrageous pain there and in my left hand and forearm. Well, my left hand had a "claw" formation, but I don't like remembering it, so I'll forget it again now. He asked permission before touching the thing at the end of my leg -- compare that to Jose "The Turd" Ochoa and his reputation for suddenly grabbing at affected limbs; compare that to the countless doctors, nurses, and aides who have poked, grabbed, and stuck needles in that region without warning, much less permission.  There are two nurses and one doctor who learned the lesson well when I kicked them in their respective midsections -- I was semi-conscious and on a respirator at the time, if that absolves me at all of such violence.  It doesn't, of course, but all three were wonderfully forgiving.

See how I run from what needs saying?

At that time, the day Go-To-Guy first saw the purported foot, the orthopedic surgeon responsible for its pitiable condition, was Dr. Eric Ward Carson?  Let's get philosophical and call him the Thick Necked Truth Deflector.  In the beginning, there was a different word, a different descriptive expression, very stylized, ladylike:  Dr. Doo-Doo Head.  He denied, deflected, referred, mumbled, threatened, demeaned... did everything but diagnose and treat the obvious.  It was after weeks of that barrage of crap that I saw dear Go-To-Guy.

Me:  "Dr. Eric Ward Carson says this will go away, it's not a problem, I'm over-reacting, and that there is no such thing as CRPS.  He says that CRPS is a psychological disorder."

[In desperation, I had seen a partner of Dr. Carson's, someone very trustworthy, who had replaced my right hip the year before, and had referred me to Dr. Carson for the left shoulder replacement gone woefully awry.  This partner took one look at my leg and said, "Oh no, you've got RSD..." He then went on to deconstruct the acronym, and introduce its pal, CRPS, writing it all out on the crinkly paper covering the exam table.  I still have the bit of paper.  It was my first clue to what was causing so much pain and... well, you know my tiresome litany.  He urged me to see Dr. Carson as soon as possible and start treatment.  But, as I said above, Dr. Carson's reaction was to deny the evidence before him.]

Go-To-Guy:  "It is very real, it is not in your head, and yes, you have it. I'm so sorry."

Why am I ruminating on this bad stuff today?  The mail.  In one large envelope, I received a copy of the labs and my "current problem list" from The 17-Minute Uh-Huh.  In another large envelope, I received a copy of my records from the neurologist I can no longer see -- the Hawaiian-shirt sporting genius, in shorts and Birkenstocks mid-winter, who made the "official" CRPS diagnosis in 2003, who ranted and raved about the cover-up operation put into play by Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, Dr. Doo-Doo Head, with the ample and able assistance of Doctors Leslie Kelman and Steven Sween.

This Stylish Neuro-Guy, seeing my confusion (at that point, pure fatigue), had grabbed a big book, what we love to call a tome, dedicated in its entirety to CRPS / RSD, and flipped to the big, bright, colored photographic section... and there I was.  "See!  This could be you!" He even loped out to the waiting room to drag a sleepy Fred into the exam room.  "See!  This could be her!"

No, that's not how it reads in the medical records.  There, I am an "unfortunate woman." There, I am diagnosed clearly with causalgia, not RSD -- or in the modern parlance, with CRPS Type II.  Why does it matter?  Ultimately, it only changes a bad attitude.  Doctors who still resist the diagnosis of "RSD" will sing a different tune if you change the name to "causalgia." And there are those who do the same if you say, "I've CRPS Type 2, not Type 1."  The difference relies on the identification through EMG, or nerve testing, of nerve "lesions" as the cause of the neuropathic pain in the path of that nerve. Stylish Neuro-Guy identified three separate nerve lesions, two in my right leg, and one in my left forearm -- the original sites of injury.

It's not a cause for rejoicing, this shift in designation.  In any event, now I have both Type 1 and Type 2, as the disease spread from left arm to right, and right leg to left.  The facial involvement was God's private joke.  But there were times I might have been able to shut up some Talking Irritant by producing the EMG results.  It never occurred to me to get copies, as the "treatments," or lack thereof, are the same, no matter the type.  Causalgia / Type II is taken more seriously because it has demonstrable proof, and, I guess, because its "outlook" is more dire.

So that's why this is all spinning in my head.

Because here I am again... reinventing the wheel with "Oh, yes!  Something Sympathetic Something!" and referrals to the same orthopedic surgeons who have already tried their damnedest to save my bones, likely infected at the time I "acquired" CRPS.  Oh, to take that moment back.

Here I am, still fighting bill collectors who are calling to grab illegal "balance billing," stuck in a wheelchair and a freaking hospital bed, reliving the diagnosis with each newbie doctor, repeating tests that do not need repeating and that has done nothing but grind, grind, grind in the reality I'd be best served to forget.

My new Primary Care Physician, The 17-Minute Uh-Huh, still has CLPS listed as Number One on my Problem List. I wonder what that stands for?  A quick search turns up:

CLPS Colipase Pancreatic
CLPS Closest Lattice Point Search
CLPS Criminal Law Policy Section (Canada and Australia)
CLPS Calibration Lamp Power Supply
CLPS Common Logic with Power Supplies
CLPS Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science
CLPS Crumpsall Lane Primary School (UK)

I'm going to go with... "Common Logic with Power Supplies." I definitely have huge problems with common logic, and power supplies?  Don't get me started!

So, heck yes, my mocking detractors, I will forego my one Diet Ginger Ale a day, consider halving my coffee intake, eat canned tuna in lieu of fresh tilapia, cut off television service, sell whatever I have left to sell (a food processor, meat grinder, and a snazzy fondue set), to pay for access to Go-To-Guy, my concierge practitioner, who knows to ask permission before touching the thing attached to the purported limb adjacent to my rotting right hip.  He's my back-up, my reassurance.

He's Go-To-Guy.



2013 L. Ryan
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Thursday, January 31, 2013

CRPS: Open Clinical Trials (and those not yet recruiting)


My apologies to CRPS-ers for not having updated recently on Clinical Trials.  Unfortunately, despite the delay in posting, I recognize the continued inclusion of studies that don't seem to have made much progress or perhaps may not be active.  Please perform your own due diligence.



Clinical Trials in Cartoons



***The Effect of Vitamin c on Preventing Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS Type I) Following Ankle Fracture
Condition: Ankle Fracture
Interventions: Dietary Supplement: vitamin c;   Drug: placebo
NOT YET RECRUITING

***Surgical Treatment Of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II (CRPS II)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT01392599
Condition: CRPS Type II
Procedure: SUBCUTANEOUS VENOUS SYMPATHECTOMY (RSVS)
Sponsor: Medical University of Vienna
Detailed Description:
For 140 years the treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Type II (CRPS II) has been an unsolved problem. Recent findings in animal models assume that CRPS Type II is maintained by a coupling of newly sprouted sympathetic and sensible fibres. Therapeutic approaches have included conventional pain medication, physical therapy, sympathetic blocks, transcutaneous or spinal cord stimulation, injections or infusion therapies and sympathectomy. Alone or in combination these therapies often yielded unfavorable results. The majority of physicians dealing with CRPS patients are convinced that a surgical treatment of the affected extremity only exacerbates the symptoms, especially its hallmark excruciating pain. 
Patients with a CRPS Type II at the upper or the lower limb will be included in the study after ineffective pain therapy for more than 6 months. The most proximal region of pain associated with CRPS can be localized and 2% Lidocaine will be injected into that area. If the sympathetic, deep, burning pain can be blocked repeatedly with these injections, the subcutaneous veins in the previously determined area will be surgically removed. This operation should lead to the permanent resolution of symptoms. 
A visual analogue scale (VAS), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), thermography and physical examinations will be used to evaluate the outcome of the operation.
Contact: Wolfgang Happak, Prof., MD 00431404006980 lukikriechbaumer@hotmail.com
Contact: Lukas K Kriechbaumer, MD 00431404007177 lukas.kriechbaumer@meduniwien.ac.at

Suggested Reading for More Information:

--Bruehl S, Harden RN, Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M, Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N, Bhugra MK, Stanton-Hicks M. External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and proposed research diagnostic criteria. International Association for the Study of Pain. Pain. 1999 May;81(1-2):147-54.
--Albrecht PJ, Hines S, Eisenberg E, Pud D, Finlay DR, Connolly MK, Paré M, Davar G, Rice FL. Pathologic alterations of cutaneous innervation and vasculature in affected limbs from patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain. 2006 Feb;120(3):244-66. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
--Oaklander AL, Rissmiller JG, Gelman LB, Zheng L, Chang Y, Gott R. Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional pain syndrome-I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Pain. 2006 Feb;120(3):235-43. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
--Arnold JM, Teasell RW, MacLeod AP, Brown JE, Carruthers SG. Increased venous alpha-adrenoceptor responsiveness in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Apr 15;118(8):619-21. No abstract available.
--Baron R, Schattschneider J, Binder A, Siebrecht D, Wasner G. Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002 May 11;359(9318):1655-60.
--Drummond PD, Finch PM, Smythe GA. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs. Brain. 1991 Oct;114 ( Pt 5):2025-36.


Conditions: Diabetic Neuropathies; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II;   Resistant Peripheral Neuropathic Pain;  Chemotherapy Induced Pain Neuropathy
Device: TDCS/sham procedure on five consecutive days
NOT YET RECRUITING

***Study of Proteins Associated With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Conditions: Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00033969
Sponsor:  National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
Detailed Description:
The etiology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is unknown but a patient typically presents with a triad of clinical findings: sensory abnormalities, perfusion abnormalities and alterations in motor function. Since some of these findings are seen in other disease states, the diagnosis is often not clear. A response to a sympathetic ganglion block (stellate or lumbar) is also suggestive of the disorder. However, there is no definitive diagnostic test for CRPS. Experience has shown that early aggressive treatment improves the prognosis. Therefore, tests that facilitate the early diagnosis would have important clinical implications. 
Advances in laboratory techniques allow analysis of clinical samples to identify protein or patterns of protein changes associated with a disease state. Patients suffering with CRPS who are currently seen in a pain clinic will be asked to participate in this study. The subjects will complete a brief symptom survey, be examined by a co-investigator to document sensory, temperature and trophic changes, and have a blood sample collected for protein and gene expression (RNA) analysis. Blood samples from age-matched controls will be collected from non-CRPS patients. Fifty patient samples collected from each group will be analyzed and used to teach the diagnostic software and an additional 20 samples (10 controls, 10 CRPS patients) will be used to validate diagnostic accuracy.
Contact: Andrew J Mannes, M.D.  (301) 594-7328  amannes@mail.nih.gov
Additional Information:  NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page
Suggested Reading for More Information:
--Bichsel VE, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF 3rd. Cancer proteomics: from biomarker discovery to signal pathway profiling. Cancer J. 2001 Jan-Feb;7(1):69-78. Review.
--Bittner M, Meltzer P, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Seftor E, Hendrix M, Radmacher M, Simon R, Yakhini Z, Ben-Dor A, Sampas N, Dougherty E, Wang E, Marincola F, Gooden C, Lueders J, Glatfelter A, Pollock P, Carpten J, Gillanders E, Leja D, Dietrich K, Beaudry C, Berens M, Alberts D, Sondak V. Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000 Aug 3;406(6795):536-40.
--Chelimsky TC, Low PA, Naessens JM, Wilson PR, Amadio PC, O'Brien PC. Value of autonomic testing in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995 Nov;70(11):1029-40.

***Near-infrared Spectroscopic Measurement in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01586377
Condition: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Sponsor:  Lawson Health Research Institute
Information provided by (Responsible Party): Geoff Bellingham, Lawson Health Research Institute
Detailed Description:

The pathophysiology of CRPS-1 is unknown yet a considerable number of studies suggest that the fundamental cause of abnormal pain is due to microvascular pathology of deep tissues. 
Reduced blood flow to deep tissues such as muscle, nerve, and bone can lead to a combination of inflammatory and neuropathic pain processes (Coderre TJ et al. 2010). Evidence to support this model of microcirculatory dysfunction includes observations that skin capillary oxygenation is decreased and skin lactate is increased in affected limbs of patients (total of 11 patients in lactate study) (Birklein F et al. 2000, Manahan AP et al. 2007). It has also been reported that patients with CRPS-I have abnormal vasodilatory responses after sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction (Dayan L et al. 2008) and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide in the affected limb (Groeneweg JG et al. 2006). 
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method of measuring tissue oxygenation using the differential absorption properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in biological tissue (Creteur J 2008). Near-infrared light is only transmitted through small vessels with diameter less than 1 mm (arterioles, venules and capillaries). Since NIRS is limited to monitoring only small vessels, it can be used to assess oxygen balance in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle (Creteur J 2008). 
Premise 1: Complex regional pain syndrome is associated with microcirculatory dysfunction
After an injury to a patient's limb, it is hypothesized that the pressure exerted by that swelling within a relatively confined anatomical space can occlude the capillaries of adjacent tissues and cause a compartment syndrome-like injury. Coderre et al. (2010) have theorized that the resulting microcirculatory dysfunction causes a persistent inflammatory state which is then responsible for pain generation. 
In an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury used to study CRPS-1, microscopy of muscle and nerve tissue demonstrates microvascular evidence of a slow-flow/no-reflow phenomenon (Coderre TJ et al. 2010). Existence of a slow-flow/no-reflow state causes persistent inflammation in deep tissue. Animals subsequently develop hyperemia and edema, followed by mechano-hyperalgesia, allodynia, and cold-allodynia lasting for at least 1 month (Coderre et al. 2010). This clinical picture is similar to the clinical signs of those patients afflicted with CRPS-1. 
Premise 2: Vascular occlusion testing measures microcirculatory dysfunction NIRS measurement of peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), combined with a reproducible ischemia-reperfusion challenge to induce reactive hyperemia (vascular occlusion testing - VOT), has been described as a valid and reliable method for assessing microcirculatory dysfunction (De Backer et al. 2010). This involves a short period of forearm ischemia by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the upper arm. The blood pressure cuff is then released after approximately 3 minutes and this followed by reperfusion of the forearm. This stimulates the release of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) from the microvascular endothelium (Harel et al 2008). Measurement of this hyperemic response using NIRS has been demonstrated to be a feasible non-invasive method of quantifying microcirculatory function. This technique shares strong correlation with the gold-standard method of strain gauge plethysmography (Harel et al. 2008).
Contact: Geoff A Bellingham, MD FRCPC (519) 646-6100 ext 64218 geoff.bellingham@sjhc.london.on.ca
Location: Canada, Ontario
Pain Clinic, St. Joseph's Health Care London Hospitals
London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 4V2

Suggested Reading for More Information:

--Birklein F, Weber M, Neundörfer B. Increased skin lactate in complex regional pain syndrome: evidence for tissue hypoxia? Neurology. 2000 Oct 24;55(8):1213-5.
--Creteur J. Muscle StO2 in critically ill patients. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2008 Jun;14(3):361-6. Review.
--Coderre TJ, Bennett GJ. A hypothesis for the cause of complex regional pain syndrome-type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy): pain due to deep-tissue microvascular pathology. Pain Med. 2010 Aug;11(8):1224-38. Review.
--Dayan L, Salman S, Norman D, Vatine JJ, Calif E, Jacob G. Exaggerated vasoconstriction in complex regional pain syndrome-1 is associated with impaired resistance artery endothelial function and local vascular reflexes. J Rheumatol. 2008 Jul;35(7):1339-45. Epub 2008 May 1.
--De Backer D, Ospina-Tascon G, Salgado D, Favory R, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Monitoring the microcirculation in the critically ill patient: current methods and future approaches. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Nov;36(11):1813-25. Epub 2010 Aug 6. Review.
--Doerschug KC, Delsing AS, Schmidt GA, Haynes WG. Impairments in microvascular reactivity are related to organ failure in human sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Aug;293(2):H1065-71. Epub 2007 May 4.
--Groeneweg JG, Huygen FJ, Heijmans-Antonissen C, Niehof S, Zijlstra FJ. Increased endothelin-1 and diminished nitric oxide levels in blister fluids of patients with intermediate cold type complex regional pain syndrome type 1. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Nov 30;7:91.
--Harel F, Denault A, Ngo Q, Dupuis J, Khairy P. Near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor peripheral blood flow perfusion. J Clin Monit Comput. 2008 Feb;22(1):37-43. Epub 2007 Nov 27.
--Skarda DE, Mulier KE, Myers DE, Taylor JH, Beilman GJ. Dynamic near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in patients with severe sepsis. Shock. 2007 Apr;27(4):348-53.


***Thoracic Sympathetic Block for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I of the Upper Limb
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01612364
Condition: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I of Upper Limb
Intervention/Procedure: thoracic sympathetic block
Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo
Collaborator: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the sympathetic block via thoracic vertebra T3 for the treatment of CRPS I upper limb. Patients with CRPS I refractory to medical treatment will be subjected to four physical therapy sessions and then the randomized for experimental or control block and then more four physiotherapy sessions. Patients will be evaluated after one month of the blockade (primary outcome) and then up to 12 months. Will be evaluated by analgesic scale (Mcgill, brief pain inventory, dn4 questionnaire, NPSI, VAS), functional (ADM) and quality of life (HAD and WHOQOL-brief).
Contact: Roberto O Rocha, MD 551182668553 contato@drrobertorocha.com.br
Location: Brazil
Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05403000

***Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome With Once Daily Gastric-Retentive Gabapentin (Gralise)
Condition: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I (CRPS I)
Interventio/Drug: Gabapentin
NOT YET RECRUITING

***Use of Compression Glove to Prevent Complications After Distal Radius Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01118715
Conditions:  Post-traumatic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; Edema
Intervention/Device: Compression glove

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common type of fracture in the human body, and a large proportion of DRFs result in complications. Previously proposed preventive strategies have questionable efficacy and may impose additional risks on the patient. Because many complications secondary to distal radius fractures are associated with excessive swelling, a prophylactic means for edema reduction could dramatically reduce morbidity among this population. A compression glove is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological way to reduce edema. Previous studies have confirmed its utility in edema reduction after hand trauma and among patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, but none have sufficiently investigated the application to patients with distal radius fractures, a population in which this intervention could have a large impact. The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial to evaluate use of a compression glove during recovery among patients who have sustained an unstable distal radius fracture. The investigators hypothesize that patients who wear a compression glove after a distal radius fracture:
Will experience less edema
Will demonstrate greater functionality
Will recover more quickly
Will have lower incidence rates of carpal tunnel syndrome
Will have lower incidence rates of complex regional pain syndrome
Contact: Michael S Shuler, MD 706-424-8438 msimmss@hotmail.com
Location: United States, Georgia
Athens Orthopedic Clinic
Athens, Georgia, United States, 30606



***Effects of Pennsaid on Clinical Neuropathic Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01508676
Conditions: Neuralgia; Postherpetic Neuralgia;  Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
InterventionS/Drug: Pennsaid topical 1.5% diclofenac; Drug: Placebo (2.3% DMSO solution)

Detailed Description:
The research study will compare Pennsaid to placebo. The placebo looks like Pennsaid, but it doesn't contain any Pennsaid. The investigators use placebos in research to see if the results are due to the study drug or to other reasons. At some time during the study the investigators will give the patient Pennsaid. At another time, the investigators will give the patient placebo. The investigators are using Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), which is temperature testing before and after using the study drug to see if Pennsaid is helpful in reducing people's nerve pain. 
In this test, a small metal plate, about the size of a matchbox, is put on the area where the patient has pain. The plate is connected to a computer that can warm or cool the plate. The patient will use a computer mouse button to tell us when the plate feels warm. The QST machine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is often used by nerve doctors to see if a person has neuropathy (pain caused by damage to a nerve).
Contact: Abigail S. Cohen, B.A. 617-724-6102 acohen18@partners.org
Contact: Trang T. Vo, B.A. 617-724-6102 tvo3@partners.org
Location: United States, Massachusetts
MGH Center for Translational Pain Research
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
Responsible Party: Jianren Mao, MD, PhD, Vice Chair Research, Massachusetts General Hospital


***Spinal Cord Stimulation and Functional MRI
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01512121
Conditions: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS);   Neuropathic Leg Pain
The main objective is to define, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on cortical and subcortical BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) effects in patients with neuropathic leg pain. Our hypothesis is that SCS will demonstrate a consistent pattern of BOLD activation that will correlate with symptomatic improvement.
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18-55 years at time of enrollment.
Have previous implantation of thoracic epidural Medtronic Restore Ultra, Prime Advanced and Restore Advanced SCS in place for the treatment of CPRS-type 1 or chronic refractory neuropathic leg pain following FBSS. The implantation must be 3 or more months prior to enrollment.
Patient must have reported significant pain improvement (>50%) following implantation of the SCS.
Have consistently reproducible pain relief (> 50%) within 10 minutes of switching SCS from an OFF state to an ON state.
The SCS battery is implanted in the buttocks region.
Unilateral or bilateral extremity pain.
Able to provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
Contraindication to MRI such as: SCS lead in the cervical epidural region Cardiac pacemaker Intracranial aneurysm clips, metallic implants or external clips within 10mm of the head Metallic foreign metals within the orbits Pregnancy; (urine pregnancy test will be done to confirm) Claustrophobia.
Pattern of response to spinal cord stimulation Inconsistent response of pain to spinal cord stimulation Long interval (> 10 minutes) before pain relief following switching SCS from an OFF state to an ON state (with "optimal" parameters) - long "washout" period Lack of significant pain improvement (< 50%) following implantation of SCS
Positive history of significant brain lesions or pathology including:
Prior ablative neurosurgery
History of large vessel strokes or brain tumors
Psychological Screening

Contact: Phuong Nguyen 614-366-6952 phuong.nguyen2@osumc.edu
Location: United States, Ohio
The Ohio State Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
Principal Investigator: Ali Rezai, MD

***Regional Anesthesia Military Battlefield Pain Outcomes Study
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00431847
Conditions: Anxiety Disorders;  Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II;  Depressive Disorders;   Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder;  Substance Abuse
Intervention/Procedure: Regional Anesthesia
Detailed Description:
BACKGROUND:
Adequate pain management for combat casualties balances the need for emergent, life-saving care with the urgency to remove soldiers from harm's way. Control of pain in traumatic battlefield situations may be impossible until safe evacuation to a surgical facility is achieved and a wounded soldier can receive general anesthesia. Recent evidence suggests that neural plasticity in the central nervous system coupled with hyperstimulation of central neuronal pathways lead to neuropathological remodeling. This neural rewiring may result in chronic pain for patients who have experienced severe, unrelieved acute pain. In addition, the stress of combat along with the suffering of prolonged uncontrolled pain may contribute to psychological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of early and aggressive advanced regional anesthesia on the chronic neuropathic pain, health related quality of life, and mental health of OEF/OIF veterans who have suffered a major limb injury in combat. An additional aim of this study is to quantify and characterize the short-term and long-term effects of traumatic combat limb injuries on post-injury acute pain, chronic pain, health related quality of life, functional status, social reintegration, psychological adjustment, and substance abuse behaviors in a population of injured military personnel.
METHOD:
This study employs a cohort repeated measures study design involving prospective data collection at scheduled intervals. Interviews with participants provide data on pain outcomes, psychiatric morbidities, and quality of life. Follow up evaluations conclude at the two year anniversary of the start of combat injury rehabilitation. Medical records information collected retrospectively from armed services treatment facilities provide data on the use of pain management therapies as well as individual responses to regional anesthesia.
IMPLICATIONS FOR RESULTS:
The findings of this study may impact the clinical field by providing information on the effectiveness and benefits of early advanced regional anesthesia for chronic pain control. This study may also provide data to determine whether regional anesthesia pain treatments prevent or reduce the development of psychological maladjustment disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse in a population of military personnel with combat limb injuries.

Contact: Yolanda S Williams, MPH (215) 823-5800 ext 2774 yolanda.williams5@va.gov
Contact: Rollin M Gallagher, MD MPH (215) 823-5800 ext 3399 rollin.gallagher@va.gov
Locations:
United States, Maryland
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Recruiting
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20889
Contact: Lt. Col. Chester C Buckenmaier III, MD         cbuckenmaier@dvpmi.org
  
United States, Pennsylvania
Pain Management Service Recruiting
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
Contact: Steven L Martin, BBA     (215) 823-6023     Steven.Martin@va.gov  
Contact: Yvette Roberts     (215) 823-5800 ext 6020     yvette.roberts@va.gov  
Principal Investigator: Rollin McCulloch Gallagher, MD MPH  
      
United States, Texas
Brooke Army Medical Center & US Army Institute of Surgical Research Recruiting
Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States, 78234
Contact: Brandon Goff, MD         brandon.goff@us.army.mil  

***Distances From Cricoid Cartilage to the Targets of Stellate Ganglion Block
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01601925
Conditions: Herpes Zoster;   CRPS
Intervention: supine extended position of the neck
Stellate ganglion block targets are C6 transverse process or C7 transverse process in anterior paratracheal approach which is most popular method. Cricoid cartilage is known that it is located at C6 level in supine neutral position of the neck. But stellate ganglion block is performed in supine extended position of the neck. So cricoid cartilage will move up to cephalad direction and pain doctors should find C6 or C7 transverse process at lower neck area than cricoid cartilage.
Contact: Jong B Choi 82-2-2019-6093 romeojb@naver.com
Location: Korea, Republic of
Gangnam Severance Hospital
Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Sponsors and Collaborators: Yonsei University

***Comparison of Methods of Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion Block: Distance vs Angle
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01648543
Condition: Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion Block Indication: Neuropathic Pain, CRPS, Hyperhydrosis Etc.
Intervention/Procedure: lumbar sympathetic ganglion block

Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block is used for several neuropathic pain syndromes. The best method of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block is not established. The investigators would compare two methods of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block. One is modified Reid method which's entry point is 7~7.5cm from midline of spinous process of lumbar spine. The other is angular method which's entry angle is 30 degree from anterior-posterior view of C-arm. Comparison modified Reid method with angular method would be helpful for finding best method of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block.

Contact: Jong Bum Choi +82-2-2019-6093 ROMEOJB@yuhs.ac
Location: Korea, Republic of
Gangnam Severance Hospital
Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Sponsors and Collaborators: Yonsei University


Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Illinois House Bill 9 (Public Act 96-0605)

RSDS legislation signed into law

Illinois Governor Pat Quinn has signed legislation that seeks to raise public awareness of a painful neurological disorder. House Bill 9 (Public Act 96-0605) targets Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSDS), a chronic syndrome characterized by severe burning pain, changes to bone and skin, tissue swelling and extreme sensitivity to touch that, if untreated, results in permanent deformity and severe pain.

The new law will create an educational program to raise public awareness of RSDS which focuses on the nature and possible causes of the syndrome, the risk factors that may contribute to its development, various treatment options, and the availability of treatment and support services.

Dahl took the legislative lead in advancing the measure at the request of Bea Danko, a Streator resident who lives with RSDS. The Senator met Danko at an RSDS support group meeting in 2008, and agreed to sponsor legislation to promote awareness of the syndrome stressing the importance of early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

“Bea deserves enormous credit in moving this bill forward,” Dahl said. “When similar legislation I sponsored last year got bogged down due to political games, she kept the pressure on lawmakers to do the right thing. It was an honor to work with her in getting this legislation passed and signed into law.”


Please understand that I've spent the morning preparing for my first ever DIY home surgery, involving the elimination of my right leg. I was poised to hop on over to YouTube, where surely I would find a plethora of instructional videos on amputation, when I decided to check my email. I might be in too much pain later to take Broatch, of RSDSA fame. Included therein was this announcement of one more instance of "awareness" legislation, this time in Illinois.

Clang ,clang, clang went the trolley!
Ding, ding, ding went the bell!


Two points, that's all:

1. It's a disservice to continue to use the term RSD/RSDS in lieu of CRPS. At least recognize the dual designation of CRPS/RSD(S). Initially, I also resisted the term, but once i realized that RSD(S) continues the advancement of Wrong Science and ordinary misunderstanding, well... at the very least, using the term CRPS creates the consistency necessary to support applications to Social Security, and lays the foundation for proper comprehension of the disease as it progresses.

[It is insufficient to just say, "Oh, CRPS Type 1 is RSD; Type 2 is causalgia." No, we need to explain the sympathetic nervous system's involvement or noninvolvement, explain about SMP and non-SMP! Yes, it can be gnarly, and tedious. And remedial! I just visited the website of a prominent medical school pain management department, where I found this as the complete explanation of the term CRPS: "Previously known as causalgia or RSD, reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain is caused by abnormal activity in the sympathetic nervous system." I am not sure where the effort to inform needs to begin!]

2. This isn't really a "point." It's more a quick Vent. A few years ago, someone spearheaded an attempt to get a similar bill passed in the Illinois legislature. There was a problem... I can't remember who killed the bill, who wouldn't allow it to the floor for debate/vote... Oh, wait!

Someone with the name of Obama, if memory serves...