Tuesday, November 20, 2012

trigeminal nerve injury and CRPS

Complex regional pain syndrome following trigeminal nerve injury: report of 2 cases



Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology
Volume 114, Issue 6 , Pages 733-739, December 2012


 Gary M. Heir, DMD, Cibele Nasri-Heir, DDS, MSD, Davis Thomas, BDS, MSD, Bollamma P. Puchimada, BDS, MHA, Junad Khan, BDS, MSD, MPH, Eli Eliav, DMD, PhD, Rafael Benoliel, DDS, PhD

 ABSTRACT
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating neuropathic pain condition that has been extensively reported in the extremities following variable degrees of nerve trauma. CRPS has rarely been reported in the orofacial region. We report 2 orofacial pain patients whose clinical phenotypes fit the criteria for CRPS. Two cases of orofacial complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are described, both of which began following trigeminal nerve trauma. In case 1 the patient presented with redness of the ipsilateral ear during painful episodes, pain that extended into the ipsilateral arm and was associated with variations in the appearance of the ipsilateral hand. Symptoms also included “electric-burning pain” of the right side of the head, including the ear, teeth, jaw, eye, neck, and cheek. In case 2 the patient presented with intractable pain of the upper left face, head, and neck accompanied by color changes in the painful areas, which increased with exposure to cold.

REFERENCES


  1. Maihöfner C , Baron R , DeCol R , Binder A , Birklein F , Deuschl G , et al.  The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome, brain . Brain . 2007;130:2671–2687
  2. Jänig W , Baron R . Complex regional pain syndrome: mystery explained? . Lancet Neurol . 2003;2:687–697
  3. Merskey H , Bogduk N . Pain terms, A Current list with definitions and notes on usage (Classification of chronic pain) . In:2nd ed.. Seattle: IASP Task Force on Taxonomy; 1994;p. 209–214
    • Veldman PH , Reynen HM , Arntz IE , Goris RJ . Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients . Lancet . 1993;342:1012–1016
    • de Mos M , de Bruijn AG , Huygen FJ , Dieleman JP , Stricker BH , Sturkenboom MC . The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study . Pain . 2007;129:12–20
    • Sandroni P , Benrud-Larson LM , McClelland RL , Low PA . Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted County, a population-based study . Pain . 2003;103:199–207
    • Schwartzman RJ , Erwin KL , Alexander GM . The natural history of complex regional pain syndrome . Clin J Pain .2009;25:273–280
    • Allen G , Galer BS , Schwartz L . Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients . Pain . 1999;80:539–544 80
    • Birklein F , Riedl B , Sieweke N , Weber M , Neundörfer B . Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes—analysis of 145 cases . Acta Neurol Scand . 2000;101:262–269
    • Benoliel R , Heir G , Eliav E . Neuropathic orofacial pain (Orofac Pain Headache) . In:  Sharav Y ,  Benoliel R editor. Edinb Mosby Elsevier; 2008;p. 255–294
      • Baron R , Binder A , Ulrich W , Maier C . Complex regional pain syndrome (Sympathetic reflex dystrophy and causalgia) .Schmerz . 2003;17:213–226
        • Baron R , Jänig W . Complex regional pain syndromes—how do we escape the diagnostic trap? . Lancet . 2004;364:1739–1741
        • Baron R , Wasner G . Complex regional pain syndromes . Curr Pain Headache Rep . 2001;5:114–123
        • Birklein F . Complex regional pain syndrome . J Neurol . 2005;252:131–138
        • Thimineur M , Sood P , Kravitz E , Gudin J , Kitaj M . Central nervous system abnormalities in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): clinical and quantitative evidence of medullary dysfunction . Clin J Pain . 1998;14:256–267
        • Rommel O , Malin JP , Zenz M , Jänig W . Quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiological and psychological examination in patients with complex regional pain syndrome and hemisensory deficits . Pain . 2001;93:279–293
        • Sieweke N , Birklein F , Riedl B , Neundörfer B , Handwerker HO . Patterns of hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome .Pain . 1999;80:171–177
        • Maleki J , LeBel AA , Bennett GJ , Schwartzman RJ . Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) . Pain . 2000;88:259–266
        • Galer BS , Jensen M . Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey .J Pain Symptom Manage . 1999;18:213–217
        • Wasner G , Schattschneider J , Baron R . Skin temperature side differences—a diagnostic tool for CRPS . Pain . 2002;98:19–26
        • Maihöfner C , Seifert F , Markovic K . Complex regional pain syndromes: new pathophysiological concepts and therapies .Eur J Neurol . 2010;17:649–660
        • Jänig W , Baron R . Complex regional pain syndrome is a disease of the central nervous system . Clin Auton Res .2002;12:150–164
        • Baron R . Mechanisms of disease: neuropathic pain—a clinical perspective . Nat Clin Pract Neurol . 2006;2:95–106
        • Melis M , Zawawi K , Al-Badawi E , Lobo SL , Mehta N . Complex regional pain syndrome in the head and neck: a review of the literature . J Orofac Pain . 2002;16:93–104
        • Benoliel R , Birenboim R , Regev E , Eliav E . Neurosensory changes in the infraorbital nerve following zygomatic fractures .Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2005;99:657–665
        • Jääskeläinen SK , Teerijoki-Oksa T , Virtanen A , Tenovuo O , Forssell H . Sensory regeneration following intraoperatively verified trigeminal nerve injury . Neurology . 2004;62:1951–1957
        • Beniczky S , Tajti J , Tímea Varga E , Vécsei L . Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes .J Neural Transm . 2005;112:735–749
        • Macrae WA . Chronic pain after surgery . Br J Anaesth . 2001;87:88–98
        • Maihöfne C , Seifert F , Markovic K . Complex regional pain syndromes: new pathophysiological concepts and therapies .Eur J Neurol . 2010;17:649–660
        • McLachlan EM , Jänig W , Devor M , Michaelis M . Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia . Nature . 1993;363:543–546
        • Tal M , Devor M . Ectopic discharge in injured nerves: comparison of trigeminal and somatic afferents . Brain Res .1992;579:148–151
        • Bongenhielm U , Boissonade FM , Westermark A , Robinson PP , Fried K . Sympathetic nerve sprouting fails to occur in the trigeminal ganglion after peripheral nerve injury in the rat . Pain . 1999;82:283–288
        • Benoliel R , Eliav E , Tal M . No sympathetic nerve sprouting in rat trigeminal ganglion following painful and nonpainful infraorbital nerve neuropathy . Neurosci Lett . 2001;297:151–154
        • Benoliel R , Heir G , et al.  Neuropathic orofacial pain . In:  Sharav Y ,  Benoliel R editor. Orofacial Pain and Headache . Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier; 2008;p. 255–294
          • Waite PM , Ashwell KWS . Trigeminal sensory system: The human nervous system (Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Science. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) . In: 2nd ed.. Elsevier; 2004;p. 1093–1124
            • Denny-Brown D , Yanagisawa N . The function of the descending root of the fifth nerve . Brain . 1973;96:783–814
            • Donnet J , Valade D . The red ear syndrome . J Neurol Neurosurg, Psychiatry . 2004;75:1076–1079
            • Penfield W , Erickson TC . Epilepsy and Cerebral localization: a study of the mechanism, treatment and prevention of epileptic seizures . Oxford, England: Charles C Thomas; 1941;
              • Elbert T , Sterr A , Flor H , Rockstroh B , Knecht S , Pantev C , et al.  Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans . Exp Brain Res . 1997;117:161–164
              • Karl A , Birbaumer N , Lutzenberger W , Cohen LG , Flor H . Reorganization of motor and somatosensory cortex in upper extremity amputees with phantom limb pain . J Neurosci . 2001;21:3609–3618
                • Perez RSGM , Kwakkel G , Zuurmond WWA , de Lange JJ . Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS type 1): a research synthesis of 21 randomized clinical trials . J Pain Symptom Manag . 2001;21:511–526
                  • Schugens MM , Egerter R , Daum I , Schepelmann K , Klockgether T , Loschmann PA . The NMDA antagonist memantine impairs classical eyeblink conditioning in humans (Treatment ref 2) . Neurosci Lett . 1997;224:57–60
                  • Gustin SM , Schwarz A , Birbaumer N , Sines N , Schmidt AC , Veit R , et al.  NMDA-receptor antagonist and morphine decrease CRPS-pain and cerebral pain representation . Pain . 2010;151:69–76
                  • Stanton-Hicks M . Complex regional pain syndrome . Anesthesiol Clin North Am . 2003;21:733–744
                    • Jänig W , Baron R . Complex regional pain syndrome: mystery explained . Lancet Neurol . 2003;2:687–697
                    • Jänig W , Baron R . Experimental approach to CRPS . Pain . 2004;108:3–7
                    • Gibbons JJ , Wilson PR . RSD score: criteria for the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia . Clin J Pain .1992;8:260–263
                    at
                    Labels: , , ,

                    No comments:

                    Post a Comment

                    The Haddock Corporation's newest dictate: Anonymous comments are no longer allowed. It is easy enough to register and just takes a moment. We look forward to hearing from you non-bots and non-spammers!

                    Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)